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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(3): 631-638, May-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278371

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine changes on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy cats anesthetized with isoflurane, and premedicated with acepromazine alone or in combination with tramadol. Thirty cats were allocated in two groups (n=15/each) and were treated with acepromazine (AG) or acepromazine/tramadol (ATG). PD and IOP were assessed before and following 30 (PM1), and 40 minutes (PM2) of treatments. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, and IOP and DP were recorded (A10) at 10 minute intervals until the end of anesthesia (A40). IOP decreased in AG and ATG, when comparing baseline with PM1. IOP decreased only in AG, in comparisons between baseline and PM2. During anesthesia, IOP did not change within and between groups. Comparisons between baseline with those recorded at PM1 and 2 showed that PD increased in the ATG. During anesthesia, PD decreased significantly in AG and ATG. Both protocols maintained the IOP within the reference range to perform corneal or intraocular surgery in healthy cats but did not sustain pre-anesthetic pupil dilation observed in ATG.(AU)


O objetivo do presente artigo é determinar possíveis alterações na pressão intraocular (PIO) e no diâmetro pupilar (DP) em gatos saudáveis anestesiados com isoflurano e pré-medicados com acepromazina isolada ou em combinação com acepromazina/tramadol. Trinta gatos saudáveis foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n=15/cada) e tratados com acepromazina (GA) ou acepromazina/tramadol (GAT). DP e PIO foram avaliadas antes (basal) e após 30 (PM1) e 40 minutos (PM2) dos tratamentos. A anestesia foi induzida com propofol, e a PIO e o DP foram registrados (A10) a cada 10 minutos até o final da anestesia com isoflurano (A40). Ao se compararem os valores obtidos no basal com PM1, a PIO diminuiu em GA e GAT; com PM2, a PIO reduziu apenas no GA. Durante a anestesia, a PIO não diferiu dentro e entre os grupos. Comparações entre os valores basais e os registrados em PM1 e em PM2 mostraram que a DP aumentou significativamente no GAT. Durante a anestesia, o DP diminuiu significativamente em GA e GAT. Ambos os protocolos mantêm a PIO dentro dos valores de referência para realizar cirurgias corneanas ou intraoculares em gatos saudáveis, mas não sustentam a dilatação pupilar pré-anestésica observada em GAT.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Tramadol/administration & dosage , Mydriasis/veterinary , Pupil/drug effects , Intraocular Pressure , Isoflurane/adverse effects , Acepromazine/administration & dosage , Tonometry, Ocular/veterinary , Anesthetics, General/administration & dosage
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1751-1757, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131530

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar clinicamente a dispersão da lidocaína no espaço epidural de cães posicionados em diferentes decúbitos. Foram utilizados 16 cães, com peso médio de 17,5 quilogramas. Esses foram tranquilizados com acepromazina, anestesiados com propofol e alocados em dois grupos, conforme o decúbito de posicionamento: decúbito esternal (GE) e decúbito lateral direito (GLD). Ambos os grupos receberam lidocaína a 2%, no volume de 0,25mL/kg, e permaneceram no mesmo decúbito por 20 minutos. Em seguida, avaliou-se o bloqueio dos membros pélvicos e a extensão do bloqueio, a partir da sétima vértebra lombar, por meio de pinçamento interdigital e do panículo paravertebral. Foi, então, realizada cirurgia de orquiectomia. Após tal procedimento, avaliou-se o tempo total de bloqueio dos membros pélvicos. Todos os cães apresentaram bloqueio bilateral, sem diferenças quanto à extensão cranial entre os grupos, sendo a mediana de 7,5 (1-14) vértebras para GE e de 4 (1-14) para GLD. O tempo de bloqueio dos membros direito e esquerdo foi de 123 ± 26 e 130 ± 20 minutos, para GE, e de 120 ± 21 e 121 ± 20 minutos, para GLD, sem diferenças entre os grupos ou entre os membros. Conclui-se que o decúbito não interfere na distribuição da lidocaína administrada por via epidural.(AU)


The aim of this study was to clinically verify the dispersion of lidocaine in the epidural space of dogs placed in different positions. Sixteen dogs with an average weight of 17.5 kilograms were used. These were tranquilized with acepromazine, anesthetized with propofol and allocated to two groups: sternal decubitus (GE) and right lateral decubitus (GLD). Both groups received 2% of lidocaine in the volume of 0.25mL/kg and remained in the same position for 20 minutes. The blocking of the pelvic limbs and the extension of it from the seventh lumbar vertebra were evaluated by means of interdigital and paravertebral panniculus clamping. Orchiectomy surgery was then performed. Afterwards, the total blocking time of the pelvic limbs was evaluated. All dogs presented bilateral blocking, with no differences in cranial extension between groups, with a median of 7.5 (1-14) vertebrae for GE and 4 (1-14) for GLD. The blocking time of the right and left limbs were 123 ± 26 and 130 ± 20 minutes for GE, and 120 ± 21 and 121 ± 20 minutes for GLD with no difference between groups or between limbs. It is concluded that the decubitus does not interfere with the epidural lidocaine distribution.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Posture , Propofol , Acepromazine , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Injections, Epidural/veterinary , Anesthetics, Local/analysis
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(3): 214-220, Mar. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1002798

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and recovery from anesthesia promoted by the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination administered intravenously (IV) continuously in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. Eight cross-bred, clinically healthy bitches weighing 13.7 ±1.9kg on average were used in this study. After a food fast of 12 h and a water fast of four hours, the animals were treated with acepromazine (0.1mg/kg, intramuscular) and, after 15 minutes, anesthesia was induced with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) immediately followed by continuous IV infusion thereof at a dose of 2mg/kg/h for 60 min. The following parameters were measured in all animals immediately before administration of acepromazine (M15), immediately before anesthetic induction (M0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after initiation of continuous infusion (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, and M60): electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and arterial hemogasometry, with the last performed only at experimental times M15, M0, M30, and M60. A subcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to evaluate the degree of analgesia. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were also assessed, classifying these parameters as excellent, good, and poor. Anesthetic recovery time was recorded in minutes. HR increased significantly at time M10 in relation to that at M-15, and at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 in relation to that at M0. MAP decreased significantly at M20 and M30 compared with the baseline. BT decreased significantly at M50 compared with that at M0, but no hypothermia was observed. RR showed significant reduction at M5, M10, and M20 in relation to that at M-15, and at M5 and M10 in relation to that at M0, and bradypnoea was observed during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction. Significant decreases in the PR interval at times M10, M40, and M50 were observed in relation to that at M15. Amplitude of the R wave showed significant decrease at M20 compared with that at M-15. In the other ECG parameters, no significant difference was observed between the times evaluated. Hemogasometric parameters and analgesia did not show significant alterations. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were considered excellent. Recovery time was 15.1±7.7 min for positioning of sternal decubitus and 45.5±23.1 minutes for return of ambulation. Continuous IV administration of TZ combination does not produce satisfactory analgesia and does not cause severe cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade e a recuperação da anestesia promovida pela associação tiletamina-zolazepam, administrada por via intravenosa (IV) contínua, em cadelas pré-medicadas com acepromazina. Foram utilizadas oito cadelas, sem raças definidas, clinicamente sadias, pesando em média 13,7±1,9kg. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas e hídrico de quatro horas, os animais foram medicados com acepromazina (0,1mg/kg, via intramuscular) e, após 15 minutos, a anestesia foi induzida com a associação tiletamina-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) seguida imediatamente pela infusão IV contínua da mesma, na dose de 2mg/kg/h, durante 60 minutos. Os parâmetros que foram mensurados em todos os animais, imediatamente antes da administração da acepromazina (M-15), imediatamente antes da indução anestésica (M0) e, aos 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos após o início da infusão contínua (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50 e M60) foram os seguintes: eletrocardiografia (ECG), frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência respiratória (f), temperatura corpórea (TC) e hemogasometria arterial, esta sendo realizada apenas nos momentos M-15, M0, M30 e M60. Para avaliação do grau de analgesia foi empregado um estimulador elétrico subcutâneo. Também se avaliou o miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica, classificando estes parâmetros em: excelente, bom e ruim. O tempo de recuperação anestésica foi registrado em minutos. A FC aumentou significativamente no momento M10 em relação ao M-15, e nos momentos M5, M10, M40 e M50 em relação ao M0. A PAM diminuiu significativamente em M20 e M30 em comparação ao valor basal. A TC diminuiu significativamente em M50 em comparação ao M0, mas não foi observada hipotermia. A f apresentou uma redução significativa nos momentos M5, M10 e M20 em relação ao M-15, e em M5 e M10 em relação ao M0, sendo observado bradipneia durante os primeiros 20 minutos após a indução anestésica. Foram observadas diminuições significativas do intervalo PR nos momentos M10, M40 e M50, em relação ao M-15. A amplitude da onda R apresentou diminuição significativa em M20 em comparação ao M-15. Nos demais parâmetros da ECG não houve diferença significativa entre os momentos avaliados. Os parâmetros hemogasométricos e a analgesia não apresentaram alterações significativas. O miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica foram considerados excelentes. O período de recuperação foi de 15,1±7,7 minutos para posicionamento do decúbito esternal e 45,5±23,1 minutos para retorno da deambulação. A administração intravenosa contínua de tiletamina-zolazepam não produz analgesia satisfatória e não causa efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos severos, em cadelas pré-tratadas com acepromazina.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Tiletamine/pharmacology , Zolazepam/pharmacology , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Respiratory Rate/drug effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Adjuvants, Anesthesia , Anesthesia, Intravenous/veterinary , Acepromazine/pharmacology
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(6): 1767-1774, nov.-dez. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-970408

ABSTRACT

Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.(AU)


Considerando que o uso de tranquilizantes poderia otimizar a realização do ecocardiograma, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da tranquilização com acepromazina e fentanil sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis, bem como o efeito na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), na frequência respiratória (FR), na frequência cardíaca (FC), no tempo gasto para a realização do exame e na escala de sedação. Dez cães adultos foram submetidos a diferentes protocolos tranquilizantes, 20 minutos antes da avaliação ecocardiográfica, totalizando cinco tratamentos para cada dupla, realizados com intervalos de sete dias entre as avaliações. Os tratamentos foram: TC (tratamento controle), TAI (acepromazina intramuscular), TAO (acepromazina oral), TF (fentanil) e TAF (acepromazina associada ao fentanil). Além dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, foram avaliados a PAS, o grau de tranquilização, o tempo de duração do exame e a FC e a FR nos diferentes protocolos. Houve diminuição significativa da PAS no TAO. Observou-se redução significativa do diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo em sístole e diástole e do movimento anular de mitral nos protocolos TAI, TAO e TAF, comparados com o TC. Observou-se também uma redução da excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide e aumento da relação mitral E/mitral A nos protocolos TAI e TAO quando comparados ao TC. Todos os protocolos de tranquilização reduziram significativamente a FC, o que facilitou a realização do exame.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Echocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Fentanyl/analysis , Dogs/abnormalities , Acepromazine/analysis
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(6): 1437-1442, nov.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-909836

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da tranquilização com meperidina, acepromazina e de sua associação sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães. Foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, da raça Rottweiler, submetidos ao exame ecocardiográfico sem utilização de sedação (controle - TC) e a três protocolos de tratamento, utilizando-se meperidina (TM), acepromazina (TA) e a associação dos medicamentos (TMA). As variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Observou-se que as médias obtidas na onda A do fluxo mitral em TA e TMA diminuíram significativamente com relação ao TM, que não diferiu do TC. Houve uma diminuição significativa no valor de movimento anular mitral (MAM) e excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide (ESPAT) no TA. Não houve diferença significativa para os valores de fração de encurtamento (FE) entre TA e os demais tratamentos. Entretanto, observou-se que 57,3% dos cães apresentaram valores de FE abaixo da normalidade. As alterações encontradas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos hipotensores da acepromazina utilizada de forma isolada. Conclui-se que a meperidina ou sua associação com acepromazina não alteram os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis e que a acepromazina, utilizada isoladamente, causa alteração nos parâmetros de função sistólica dos cães, não sendo recomendada para a contenção química dos cães submetidos ao ecocardiograma, o que poderia levar à má interpretação do exame.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedation with meperidine, acepromazine and its association on the echocardiographic parameters in dogs. Twelve adult Rottweilers were used and subjected to the echocardiography examination without the use of sedation (control - CT) and subjected to three treatment protocols using meperidine (MT), acepromazine (AT), and the combination of drugs (MAT). Variables were analyzed by Tukey test (p<0,05). The averages obtained in A-wave of mitral inflow in AT and MAT decreased significantly compared to MT, which did not differ from CT. There was a significant decrease in the measurement of mitral annulus motion (MAM) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at TA. There was no significant difference in shortening fraction (SF) values between TA and other treatments. However, it was observed that 57.3% of the dogs showed SF values below the normal range for the species. All changes found may be due to the hypotensive effects of acepromazine used in isolation. In conclusion, meperidine or its association with acepromazine does not alter echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs and acepromazine, used alone, causes changes in the parameters of systolic function and is not recommended for sedation of dogs submitted to echocardiogram, since it could cause a misinterpretation of the exam.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Acepromazine/therapeutic use , Echocardiography/veterinary , Meperidine/therapeutic use , Neuroleptanalgesia/veterinary
6.
Actual. osteol ; 13(2): 116-124, Mayo - Ago. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117997

ABSTRACT

To prevent post-extraction resorption and preserve the integrity of the alveolar ridges, the placement of bone grafts at the time of extraction is recommended. Bovine bone grafts are biocompatibile and osteoconductive, allowing new bone apposition by osteoprogenitor cells. Although there are trademarks recognized internationally regarding bovine bone grafts, they are expensive and even difficult to acquire. Therefore, domestic industry development of high quality biomaterials will reduce the public health high costs in the dental field. Here, we evaluated and compared the effects of an Argentinean manufactured bovine bone graft (Synergy Bone Matrix) with a bovine bone graft recognized for its osteoconductive effects (Bio-Oss), on bone healing in an experimental model in rats. We created critical sized bone defects in rat tibiae and filled them with either one of the bovine bone grafts or control. Clinical responses, X-ray findings, bone mineral density, and histological parameters were evaluated. No abscess, encapsulation, suppuration or inflammation of lymphatic nodes were observed. Radiographically, all implants were amalgamated to the surrounding bony margins, suggesting proper healing. On the other hand, control tibiae exhibited no signs of recovery and remained either unfilled or showed fibrous tissue formation. No statistical differences were observed in BMC and BMD between tibiae filled with Synergy Bone Matrix or Bio-Oss. Histological analysis revealed particles of both bone grafts surrounded by laminar bone tissue indicating osteoconductivity, without any inflammatory sign. This preliminary study suggests that Synergy Bone Matrix, as well as Bio-Oss, present similar properties of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. (AU)


Para prevenir la resorción post-exodoncia y preservar la integridad de los rebordes alveolares, se recomienda la colocación de injertos óseos en el momento de la extracción. Los injertos de hueso bovino son biocompatibles y osteoconductivos, permitiendo nueva aposición ósea por células osteoprogenitoras. Existen marcas internacionales de injertos de hueso bovino, pero resultan caros e incluso difíciles de adquirir. Por ello, la elaboración de biomateriales de alta calidad, nacionales, reduciría los altos costos de salud pública en odontología. En este estudio, se evaluaron y compararon los efectos de un injerto de hueso bovino fabricado en Argentina (Synergy Bone Matrix) versus un injerto de hueso bovino reconocido por sus efectos osteoconductivos (Bio-Oss), en el proceso de cicatrización ósea en un modelo experimental en ratas. Para ello, creamos un defecto óseo crítico en tibia de rata el cual se rellenó con uno de los injertos de hueso bovino o control. Se evaluó: respuesta clínica y radiográfica, densidad mineral ósea e histología. No se observaron abscesos, encapsulación, supuración o inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos. Radiográficamente, todos los implantes se integraron a los márgenes óseos circundantes, sugiriendo una cicatrización adecuada. Por el contrario, las tibias control no mostraron signos de recuperación con formación de tejido fibroso. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las BMC y BMD entre las tibias Synergy Bone Matrix o Bio-Oss. La histología reveló partículas de ambos injertos óseos rodeadas por tejido óseo laminar indicando osteoconductividad sin signos inflamatorios. Este estudio preliminar sugiere que Synergy Bone Matrix presenta propiedades similares de biocompatibilidad y osteoconductividad que Bio-Oss. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Tibia/cytology , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Bone Resorption/prevention & control , Bone Transplantation/veterinary , Argentina , Radiology , Surgery, Oral , Bone Development , Bone Diseases, Developmental/chemically induced , Bone Diseases, Developmental/diagnostic imaging , Bone Density , Bone Transplantation/rehabilitation , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar/surgery , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Acepromazine/administration & dosage , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging
7.
Actual. osteol ; 13(1): 17-27, Ene - Abr. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118656

ABSTRACT

Purpose: to compare the healing process of a defect of compact bone tissue after the implantation of osteoplastic materials based on ß-tricalcium phosphate ("ChronOS™" and "Calc-i-oss®"), which differ by manufacturer, geometrical shape and microscopic structure. Methods: the experiment was performed on 48 white male Wistar rats. In the middle third of the diaphysis of the femur we produced a perforated defect of 2.5 mm diameter in the medullary canal, which in the animals of the first group was filled with the osteoplastic material "ChronOS™" (block, Synthes, Switzerland), and in the animals of the second group with "Calc-i-oss®" (granules, «Degradable Solutions Dental¼, Switzerland). Fragments of the injured bones were studied on the 60th and 120th day by light microscopy with morphometry and by scanning electron microscopy. Results: it was found that regardless the geometric shape and the microscopic structure, both osteoplastic materials show high biocompatibility, osteoconductive properties, good integration with bone tissue of the regenerate, and that the microscopic structure of ß-tricalcium phosphate ("ChronOS™") may significantly affect the microscopic structure of bone tissue of the regenerate, which manifests itself in the specificity of its geometric shape. It was noticed that osteoplastic materials "ChronOS™" and "Calc-i-oss®" almost at the same rate were subjected to resorption and replacement by the bone tissue, the ratio of which was 22.55±1.25 to 77.45±1.25 and 25.72±2.06% to 74.28±2.06% on the 60th day of the experiment, and 17.65±1.09 to 82.35±1.09 and 18.31±1.54% to 81.69±1.54% on the 120th day. (AU)


Objetivo: Comparar el proceso de cicatrización de un defecto del tejido óseo compacto tras la implantación de materiales osteoplásticos a base de fosfato ß-tricálcico («ChronOS™¼ and «Calc-i-oss®¼) que difieren según el fabricante en la forma geométrica y estructura microscópica. El estudio fue realizado en 48 ratas Wistar machos en los cuales se produjo, en el tercio medio de la diáfisis del fémur, un defecto perforado de 2,5 mm de diámetro, el cual fue llenado con el material «ChronOS™¼ (block, Synthes, Switzerland) en un grupo y con «Calc-i-oss®¼ (granules, «Degradable Solutions Dental¼, Switzerland) en el segundo grupo. El sector del defecto fue evaluado en los días 60 y 120 por microscopía óptica y por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Resultados: independientemente de la forma geométrica y la estructura microscópica, ambos materiales osteoplásticos mostraron alta biocompatibilidad, propiedades osteoconductivas y buena integración con el tejido óseo regenerado. La estructura microscópica del fosfato ß-tricálcico («ChronOS™¼) puede afectar significativamente a la estructura microscópica del tejido óseo regenerado, que se manifiesta en su forma geométrica. Adicionalmente, se observó que ambos materiales osteoplásticos «ChronOS™¼ y «Calc-i-oss®¼ mostraron valores similares de resorción y reemplazo por tejido óseo, cuya relación al 60º día del experimento fue de 22,55±1,25 a 77,45±1,25 y 25,72±2,06% a 74,28±2,06%, y a los 120 días de 17,65±1,09 a 82,35±1,09 y de 18,31±1,54% a 81,69±1,54% respectivamente. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcium Phosphates/therapeutic use , Bone Substitutes/therapeutic use , Femur/injuries , Osteogenesis , Prostheses and Implants , Biocompatible Materials , Bone Resorption , Materials Testing , Calcium Phosphates/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Bone Substitutes/chemistry , Femur/surgery , Femur/pathology , Femur/ultrastructure , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Acepromazine/administration & dosage
8.
Actual. osteol ; 13(1): 46-57, Ene - Abr. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118908

ABSTRACT

Based on the hypothesis that fluoride acts as a bone anabolic agent, the aim of this study was to measure in rats the osseointegration of implants (grade II titanium wire, 1 mm diameter, 4 mm long) submitted to anodic oxidation in 2 M phosphoric acid solution (control implants) or b) in 2 M phosphoric acid solution plus 0.2 M NaF (F-modified implants). Chemical composition of the implants surface was assessed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface of F-modified implants contained a 2.57% fluorine in weight. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (300-350 g body weight) received two implants (in the femur and in the tibia, close to the knee) in each hind limb. Control and F-modified implants were inserted in the left and right hind limbs, respectively. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed. The undecalcified bones were embedded in methylmetacrylate. Sections were obtained to measure two histomorphometric magnitudes: bone-toimplant contact (BIC) and bone volume in a defined volume of tissue around the implant (BV/TV). BIC was significantly increased on F-modified implants with respect to their controls (57.2%±3.3%, vs. 47.9±3.4, p<0.05). BV/TV did not differ significantly between F-modified and control implants (24.5±2.2% vs. 22.9±1.4, p=0.30). Profiles of the average gray pixel levels of pseudo3D images showed a greater roughness of F-modified implants respect to their controls (p<0.05). The relative contributions of surface roughness and its fluorine content to the osseointegration process requires further research. (AU)


Con la hipótesis de que el ión fluoruro actúa como anabólico sobre las células óseas, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el grado de osteo-integración (en la rata) de implantes (alambre de titanio II, 1 mm de diámetro, 4 mm de largo) anodizados en solución de ácido fosfórico 2 M + NaF 0,2 M (implantes-F) comparados con implantes controles, anodizados en solución de ácido fosfórico 2 M. La composición química de la superficie de los implantes fue evaluada mediante el espectro de dispersión de rayos X producidos durante la observación en el microscopio electrónico de barrido. La superficie de los implantes-F contiene 2.57% de flúor. Ratas macho Sprague-Dawley recibieron dos implantes (en el fémur y en tibia, próximos a la rodilla). Los implantes-F y controles se insertaron en las patas izquierda y derecha respectivamente. En los cortes de hueso sin decalcificación previa se midió el contacto hueso-implante (BIC) y volumen óseo en un volumen definido de tejido (BV/TV). BIC fue significativamente mayor con los Implantes-F respecto de los controles (57,2±3,3% vs. 47,9±3,4, p<0,05). BV/TV no exhibió diferencias significativas entre implantes-F y controles (24,5±2,2% vs. 22,9±1,4, p=0,30). Los perfiles de los niveles de grises de los imágenes pseudo3D de las superficies de los implantes pusieron en evidencia la mayor rugosidad de los implantes-F respecto de los controles (p<0,05). Las contribuciones relativas de la rugosidad y del flúor en el proceso de osteo-integración requieren investigación adicional. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Prostheses and Implants/ultrastructure , Osseointegration/physiology , Bone-Anchored Prosthesis/ultrastructure , Osteoblasts/chemistry , Tibia/cytology , Titanium/chemistry , Bone and Bones/cytology , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Ceftriaxone/administration & dosage , Dental Implants , Diclofenac/administration & dosage , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Femur/cytology , Fluorides/chemistry , Fluorine/analysis , Isoflurane/administration & dosage , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Acepromazine/administration & dosage
9.
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ; : 75-82, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-728255

ABSTRACT

The effects of acepromazine on human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels were investigated using whole-cell voltage-clamp technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells transfected with hERG. The hERG currents were recorded with or without acepromazine, and the steady-state and peak tail currents were analyzed for the evaluating the drug effects. Acepromazine inhibited the hERG currents in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 1.5 µM and Hill coefficient of 1.1. Acepromazine blocked hERG currents in a voltage-dependent manner between –40 and +10 mV. Before and after application of acepromazine, the half activation potentials of hERG currents changed to hyperpolarizing direction. Acepromazine blocked both the steady-state hERG currents by depolarizing pulse and the peak tail currents by repolarizing pulse; however, the extent of blocking by acepromazine in the repolarizing pulse was more profound than that in the depolarizing pulse, indicating that acepromazine has a high affinity for the open state of the channels, with a relatively lower affinity for the closed state of hERG channels. A fast application of acepromazine during the tail currents inhibited the open state of hERG channels in a concentration-dependent. The steady-state inactivation of hERG currents shifted to the hyperpolarized direction by acepromazine. These results suggest that acepromazine inhibits the hERG channels probably by an open- and inactivated-channel blocking mechanism. Regarding to the fact that the hERG channels are the potential target of drug-induced long QT syndrome, our results suggest that acepromazine can possibly induce a cardiac arrhythmia through the inhibition of hERG channels.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acepromazine , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Kidney , Long QT Syndrome , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Potassium Channels , Potassium , Tail
10.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 51(4): 304-308, 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-750882

ABSTRACT

The effects splenic dilatation induced by acepromazine in a prospective, randomized study. Thirtythree adult mongrel dogs were divided into two groups designated as AG (acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg, i.v., n = 23) and CG (0.9 percent sodium chloride administered at a similar volume, n = 10). In both groups underwent sonographic examinations before (T0) and fifteen minutes (T15) after drug injection. The thickness spleen and splenic vein width were measured. Higher thickness was found in the AG group at T15 (2.47 cm) when compared to that at T0 (2.06 cm, p = 0.016), while the T0 (2.33 cm) and T15 (2.39 cm) measures did not differ within the CG group. Moreover, the splenic vein width was higher (p = 0.013) at T15 than at T0 in the AG group. Based on results of this study, we concluded that acepromazine, in doses of 0.05 mg/kg, promotes splenomegaly in dogs after fifteen minutes of the injection.


Foram avaliados os efeitos de dilatação esplênica induzidos pela acepromazina em estudo do tipo prospectivo e randomizado. Trinta e três cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos designados como GA (acepromazina 0,05 mg/kg, i.v., n = 23) e GC (solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9 por cento em volume semelhante ao GA, i.v., n = 10). Em ambos os grupos foi realizada ultrassonografia abdominal previamente à aplicação das substâncias (T0) e após 15 minutos (T15). A espessura do baço e a largura da veia esplênica foram mensuradas. Foi verificada maior espessura esplênica no GA no T15 (2,47 cm) quando comparado a T0 (2,06 cm, p = 0,016), enquanto no GC não houve diferença significativa, sendo T0 (2,33 cm) e T15 (2,39 cm). Ainda, a largura da veia esplênica foi maior no T15 (p = 0,013) comparado a T0no GA. Baseado nos resultados encontrados, pode-se concluir que a acepromazina na dose de 0,05 mg/kg induz a esplenomegalia em cães após 15 minutos da aplicação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Acepromazine , Dogs/classification , Phenothiazines/analysis , Wolves
11.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(8): 552-556, Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643623

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of an anesthetic association in giant amazon turtles (Podocnemis expansa). METHODS: Twenty healthy P. expansa of both sexes weighing between 1.0 and 1.5kg commercially bred in the Araguaia River Valley, Goias, Brazil, were separated into two groups (G1 n=10 and G2 n=10). Each group received a respective protocol: P1= acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg IM) and propofol (5 mg/kg IV) and P2 = acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg IM) and propofol (10 mg/kg IV). The acepromazine was administered in the left thoracic member and the propofol in the cervical vertebral sinus. Assessments were made of the anesthetic parameters of locomotion, muscle relaxation, response to pain stimuli in the right thoracic and pelvic members and heartbeat. RESULTS: The anesthetic induction time was the same for both protocols (P1 and P2); however the P2 effects were of a longer duration. CONCLUSION: The sedation achieved with both protocols (P1 and P2) were satisfactory for the biological sample collection, physical examinations and minor surgeries on this species.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de uma associação anestésica com diferentes concentrações em tartarugas-da-amazônia (Podocnemis expansa). MÉTODOS: Vinte P. expansa, hígidas, de ambos os sexos, com massa corporal entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg, de um criatório comercial localizado no vale do rio Araguaia, Goiás, Brasil, foram distribuídas em dois grupos (G1 n=10 e G2 n=10). Cada grupo recebeu um protocolo sendo: P1 = acepromazina (0,5 mg/kg IM) e propofol (5 mg/kg IV) e P2 = acepromazina (0,5 mg/kg IM) e propofol (10 mg/kg IV), aplicados nos grupos G1 e G2, respectivamente. A acepromazina foi aplicada no membro torácico esquerdo e o propofol no seio vertebral cervical. Foram avaliados os parâmetros anestésicos: locomoção, relaxamento muscular, resposta aos estímulos dolorosos no membro torácico direito e nos membros pelvinos e frequência cardíaca. RESULTADOS: O tempo de indução anestésica foi o mesmo para ambos os protocolos (P1 e P2), porém o P2 apresentou efeitos mais duradouros. CONCLUSÃO: As sedações obtidas por esses protocolos (P1 e P2) foram satisfatórias para a colheita de amostras biológicas, exames físicos e realização de pequenos procedimentos cirúrgicos nesta espécie.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Acepromazine/administration & dosage , Anesthesia/veterinary , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Propofol/administration & dosage , Turtles , Brazil , Locomotion/drug effects , Muscle Relaxation/drug effects , Time Factors
12.
Chinese Medical Journal ; (24): 2302-2305, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-324872

ABSTRACT

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that is difficult to cure. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of flow-controlled partial portal vein arterializations (PPVA) on liver regeneration after hepatectomy in minipigs with chronic obstructive jaundice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight minipigs were made into chronic obstructive jaundice models. United semi-hepatectomy, which imitates extended radical surgery for treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, was then performed. The eight minipigs were randomly divided into groups A and B (n = 4 minipigs each). PPVA was performed in Group A but not in Group B. The effects of flow-controlled PPVA on live regeneration after hepatectomy were observed for 30 days after hepatectomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The portal vein PO(2) at the immediate time point and on postoperative day 30 was higher in Group A ((47.33 ± 2.43) and (48.50 ± 4.44) mmHg) than in Group B ((35.38 ± 4.06) and (35.55 ± 2.55) mmHg respectively, all P < 0.01). The mitotic index of liver cells on postoperative days 14 and 21 was higher in Group A (12.55% ± 2.85% and 15.25% ± 1.99% respectively) than in Group B (6.85% ± 2.10% and 11.88% ± 1.15% respectively, all P < 0.05). The regeneration rate of residual liver on postoperative days 14 and 21 was higher in Group A (24.56% ± 6.15% and 70.63% ± 9.83% respectively) than in Group B (11.96% ± 5.43% and 44.92% ± 7.42% respectively, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Flow-controlled PPVA can promote liver regeneration after hepatectomy and prevent liver failure in minipigs with chronic obstructive jaundice.</p>


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Acepromazine , Therapeutic Uses , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical , Methods , Atropine , Therapeutic Uses , Hepatectomy , Methods , Jaundice, Obstructive , General Surgery , Ketamine , Therapeutic Uses , Liver Regeneration , Physiology , Portal Vein , General Surgery , Swine , Swine, Miniature
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(5): 1224-1228, out. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-605850

ABSTRACT

Tree Cerdocyon thous males received different anesthesia protocols: tiletamine-zolazepan (7mg/kg); ketamine-xylazine (12 and 1mg/kg); ketamine-xylazine-atropin (12, 1.0 and 0.04mg/kg), ketamine-midazolam (12 and 0.5mg/kg) and ketamine-acepromazine (12 and 0.1mg/kg) for semen collection by electroejaculation, testosterone hormonal dosages, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), testicular manual evaluation, biometry by caliper and ultrassonography (US). The ejaculates collected by electroejaculation showed urine contamination making impossible the semen evaluation. The M±PD of serum testosterone was 0.74±0.2ng/mL. The cell types found in FNAC were: spermatogonia 13.3±11.5 percent, primary spermatocytes 5.5±1.1 percent, secondary spermatocytes 5.5±3.9 percent, early spermatids 12.8±6.2 percent, late spermatids 26.2±11.2 percent, sperm 14.5±4.7 percent and Sertoli cells 21.8±2.7 percent. Manual testicular evaluation showed normal consistency of testicles. The M±PD of testicular biometry by caliper was 3.8±1.5cm³ and by US was 1.1±0.3cm³. The animals showed normal spermatogenesis with normal spermatozoa observed in FNAC and normal testicular US.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Analgesia/veterinary , Anesthesia/veterinary , Canidae/anatomy & histology , Testis , Testosterone/analysis , Acepromazine/administration & dosage , Atropine/administration & dosage , Biometry/methods , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Tiletamine/administration & dosage , Xylazine/administration & dosage
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(2): 308-316, abr. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591120

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos anestésicos promovidos pela associação medetomidina e lidocaína por via epidural, em gatos pré-tratados com acepromazina e midazolam. Foram utilizados 10 gatos adultos, machos e fêmeas, hígidos e com média de peso de 2,5±0,6kg, distribuídos em dois grupos (GM e GL) de igual número (n=5). Administraram-se, como medicação pré-anestésica, acepromazina, 0,2mg/kg, e midazolam, 0,5mg/kg, via intramuscular, e 20 minutos depois, nos animais do GM, por via epidural, lidocaína, 4,4mg/kg, associada à medetomidina, 0,02mg/kg. Os gatos do GL receberam lidocaína, 4,4mg/kg, associada à solução de NaCl a 0,9 por cento. As avaliações ocorreram antes da pré-anestesia (MPA), 20 minutos após a MPA e antes da anestesia epidural, e aos 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos após a anestesia epidural, respectivamente, T-20, T0, T10, T20, T30 e T40. Foram avaliados: frequência cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), temperatura do corpo, saturação de oxiemoglobina, analgesia, miorrelaxamento e período de recuperação. No GM, a FC diminuiu em T20, T30 e T40 em relação ao T-20 e T10 e foi mais baixa que a FC do GL em T20, T30 e T40, respectivamente, 86, 91 e 88 bat/min e 194, 205 e 177 bat/min. A FR variou entre o T-20 e os outros momentos de avaliação nos animais do GL. Nas variáveis eletrocardiográficas, houve diferenças entre T20, T30 e T40 e T-20 e T0, valores de 235, 238 e 240ms e 156 e 161ms, respectivamente, somente no GM. Este grupo diferiu do GL nas avaliações em T20, T30 e T40, valores de 147, 132 e 150ms para os gatos do GL. Oitenta por cento dos gatos tiveram analgesia intensa, e em todos os animais ocorreu relaxamento da mandíbula e da língua. O tempo de recuperação foi de 40 e 15min no GM e no GL, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a associação lidocaína com medetomidina promoveu plano anestésico estável com grau de anestesia e recuperação anestésica de boa qualidade.


The anesthetic effects due to the association of medetomidine and epidural lidocaine in cats pretreated with acepromazine and midazolam were evaluated. Ten adult cats were used, male and female, healthy and weighing 2.5±0.6kg. They were divided into two groups (GM and GL) of equal numbers (n=5). Premedication with acepromazine, 0.2mg/kg, and midazolam, 0.5mg/kg, intramuscular was administered. Twenty minutes later, GM animals were given epidural lidocaine, 4.4mg/kg, associated with medetomidine, 0.02mg/kg. GL cats received lidocaine, 4.4mg/kg, associated with NaCl 0.9 percent. Assessments occurred before the pre-anesthesia (MPA), 20 minutes after premedication and before the epidural block, and 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes after epidural anesthesia, respectively, T-20, T0, T10, T20, T30 and T40. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxyhemoglobin saturation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and recovery period were evaluated. In GM cats the heart rate decreased at T20, T30 and T40 as compared to T-20 and T10 and was lower than the heart rate in the GL cats at T20, T30 and T40, values being, respectively, 86, 91 and 88 beats/min and 194, 205 and 177 beats/min. The respiratory rate ranged from T-20 and the other time points in GL animals. Concerning electrocardiographic variables, in GM cats significant differences between T20, T30 and T40 and T0 and T-20, were observed, values being 235, 238 and 156 and 161ms and 240ms, respectively. GM animals differed from GL in T20, T30 and T40, values being 147, 132 and 150ms for GL cats. Eighty percent of the cats had severe pain and in all animals there was a relaxation of the jaw and tongue. The recovery time was 40 and 15 min at GM and GL, respectively. It was concluded that the association promoted lidocaine with medetomidine anesthesia with a stable level of anesthesia and anesthetic recovery of good quality.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anesthesia, Epidural , Electrocardiography , Cats/classification , Acepromazine/pharmacology , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Midazolam , Medetomidine/pharmacology
15.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 45(4): 289-297, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489110

ABSTRACT

Seis felinos com peso médio de 3,3±0,3 kg foram aleatoriamente submetidos a 6 tratamentos, com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana. Os animais receberam a administração intramuscular de solução fisiológica (controle), metadona (0,3 mg/kg), acepromazina (0,1 mg/kg), xilazina (1,0 mg/kg), acepromazina (0,05 mg/kg) + metadona (0,3 mg/kg) ou xilazina (0,5 mg/kg) + metadona (0,3 mg/kg). As freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), a temperatura retal, o grau de sedação e o reflexo interdigital foram avaliados antes (basal) e após a administração dos tratamentos em intervalos específicos por 90 minutos. Nos animais tratados com xilazina ou xilazina/metadona, houve diminuição em FR, FC e na temperatura retal. Nos mesmos tratamentos, 1/6 e 2/6 animais não apresentaram reflexo interdigital em pelo menos um dos momentos avaliados. Nos animais que receberam a administração de 0,1 mg/kg de acepromazina, houve diminuição em PAS. Os escores de sedação foram mais elevados nos animais que receberam a administração de xilazina ou xilazina associada à metadona. A administração da metadona isolada ou associada à acepromazina resultou em sedação considerada insatisfatória e sinais de excitação em alguns animais. O uso da metadona isolado ou em associação à acepromazina foi considerado ineficaz quando se objetiva sedação moderada à intensa. A associação da metadona à xilazina produz sedação moderada à intensa, sendo esse efeito semelhante àquele observado após a administração da xilazina isoladamente em dose mais elevada.


Six cats weighting 3.3±0.3 kg were randomly allocated to 6 treatments, with at least one-week intervals. The cats received intramuscular administration of physiological saline (control), methadone (0.3 mg/kg), acepromazine (0,1 mg/kg), xylazine (1.0 mg/kg), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) plus methadone (0.3 mg/kg) or xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) plus methadone (0.3 mg/kg). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), indirect systolic arterial pressure (SAP), rectal temperature, sedation score and pedal withdrawal reflex were evaluated before (baseline) and at selected intervals after treatment administration for 90 minutes. Respiratory rate, HR and rectal temperature decreased in cats given xylazine or xylazine plus methadone. In 1 out of 6 cats given xylazine and 2 out of 6 cats given xylazine/methadone, pedal withdrawal reflex was absent. In cats given 0.1 mg/kg of acepromazine, SAP decreased compared to baseline. Sedation scores were greater in cats given xylazine or xylazine plus methadone. Methadone alone or in combination with acepromazine did not produce a satisfactory degree of sedation and resulted in signs of excitement in some of the cats. Methadone alone or combination with acepromazine was not considered an effective protocol when moderate to deep sedation is required in cats. Methadone in combination with xylazine produces moderate to deep sedation, being this effect comparable to that achieved with a higher dose of xylazine alone.


Subject(s)
Animals , Acepromazine/administration & dosage , Acepromazine/adverse effects , Cats , Heart Rate , Methadone/administration & dosage , Methadone/adverse effects , Xylazine/administration & dosage , Xylazine/adverse effects
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(1): 134-139, fev. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-456426

ABSTRACT

Estudaram-se os efeitos do sevofluorano sobre a freqüência cardíaca nos fetos de cadelas no terço final de gestação, mediante a mensuração da freqüência cardíaca fetal com a utilização do ultra-som. Nove cadelas, sem raça definida, entre um e cinco anos de idade, com aproximadamente 45 dias de gestação, foram anestesiadas com acepromazina (0,05mg/kg, IV), propofol (5mg/kg, IV) e sevofluorano. O monitoramento da freqüência cardíaca fetal foi realizado antes da medicação pré-anestésica (M0), 15 minutos após a intubação traqueal (M1), aos 30 minutos (M2) e 60 minutos (M3) do período de manutenção anestésica. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), média (PAM) e diastólica (PAD) foram obtidas pelo método não invasivo, sendo a PAM avaliada também pelo método invasivo. Por meio do monitoramento da freqüência cardíaca fetal média não se observou diferença significativa entre M0, M1 e M2, e verificou-se elevação apenas aos 60 minutos da manutenção anestésica (M3) em relação ao M0, porém sem significado clínico. O protocolo anestésico provocou diminuição significativa da pressão sangüínea arterial materna sem alterar, porém a freqüência cardíaca dos fetos.


The effect of sevoflurane on fetal heart rate of 45-day fetuses was investigated through monitoring fetal heart rate by ultrasonographic evaluation in nine adult bitches aging from 1 to 5-year-old. After sedation with acepromazine (0.05mg/kg, IV), the anesthetic induction was accomplished using propofol (5mg/kg, IV) and the maintenance was kept with sevoflurane. The fetal heart rate was measured before sedation (M0), 15 minutes after endotracheal intubation (M1), at 30 (M2) and 60 minutes (M3) from the beginning of general anesthesia. The systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures were obtained by indirect techniques, while mean blood pressure were also obtained by direct technique. The measure of fetal heart rate did not show any difference between M0, M1 and M2, but there was a remarkable increase in the last moment of the study (M3) comparing to M0, however without clinical relevance. The anesthetic protocol employing acepromazine, propofol and sevoflurane in 45-day pregnancy bitches decreased their arterial blood pressure without affecting the fetal heart rate.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Acepromazine/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Anesthesia, Inhalation/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Inhalation/methods , Dogs , Heart Rate, Fetal , Pregnancy , Propofol/administration & dosage
17.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2005; 6 (3): 1-4
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-71202

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the onset, duration of action and potency of cis-atracurium in dogs. Ten apparently healthy dogs of various breeds were used in this study. The age and weight of the dogs were 3.2 +/- 2.4 year and 17.7 +/- 4.8 kg, respectively. All dogs pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg and morphine 0.5 mg/kg. After induction of general anesthesia with thiopental, the dogs were intubated and anesthesia maintained with halothane in oxygen. After reaching good depth of anesthesia, cis-atracurium were injected intravenously at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg and neuromuscular blockade [NMB] evaluated by counting visual responses to train-of-four [TOF] nerve stimulation on ulnar nerve. All four responses eliminated in 9 out of 10 dogs. The onset was 4.8 +/- 1.3 min and the duration of NMB lasted for 24.4 +/- 9 min. The quality of relaxation was good according to surgeons. It is concluded that cis-atracurium is an effective neuromuscular blocking agent in the dog, although its potency varies slightly in different dogs


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs/drug effects , Neuromuscular Blockade , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents , Premedication , Acepromazine , Morphine , Anesthesia, General , Thiopental , Halothane , Muscle Relaxation
18.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 42(2): 98-104, 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-432931

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de avaliar as associações anestésicas atropina/cetamina-s/xilazina e acepromazina/cetamina-s/midazolam em felinos domésticos (Felis catus), foram utilizados 16 felinos, machos, hígidos cedidos por proprietários atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró. Os animais foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de oito animais, onde foi utilizado um tratamento anestésico distinto para cada grupo. O grupo I, foi pré-tratado com sulfato de atropina (0,044mg/kg) por via subcutânea, e decorridos 15 minutos, recebeu xilazina (1,0 mg/ kg) associada a cetamina-s (10mg/kg) por via intramuscular. No grupo II, foi utilizada acepromazina (0,2 mg/kg) por via intramuscular e após 15 minutos, administrou-se a associação de midazolam (0,5mg/ kg) e cetamina-s (10 mg/kg) por via intramuscular. Foram avaliadas as variáveis fisiológicas: freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, saturação de oxigênio e tempo de preenchimento capilar. A aferição das variáveis foi realizada a cada 10 minutos, durante 90 minutos. Também foi avaliado o período de latência, período de analgesia e de recuperação. A média do período de latência após a administração de atropina/ cetamina-s/xilazina foi de 3,68min, enquanto na acepromazina/cetamina-s/midazolam foi de 3,95 min. No grupo I, a média do tempo de analgesia foi de 45,94min, e no grupo II foi obtida analgesia em apenas um animal. A média do tempo de recuperação no grupo I foi de 134, 08min e no grupo lI, 78,28min. Concluiu-se que a associação atropina/ cetamina-s/xilazina, produz uma anestesia de boa qualidade para pequenos procedimentos cirúrgicos, enquanto que a associação acepromazina/cetamina-s/midazolam deve ser utilizada para pequenos procedimentos ambulatoriais. Ambas associações apresentam propriedades farmacológicas comparáveis com as obtidas com a cetamina racêmica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Acepromazine/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage , Anesthesiology/methods , Atropine/adverse effects , Cats , Midazolam/adverse effects , Xylazine/adverse effects
19.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 50(3/4): 121-141, mar.-abr. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-306837

ABSTRACT

Na iminência de uma nova era na terapêutica psiquiátrica com a redescoberta da clozapina e a introduçäo de novos antipsicótivos atípicos, é feito um balanço sistemático das substâncias desenvolvidas nos últimos 50 anos, após breve histórico dos antecedentes e dos primórdios dos antipsicóticos tradicionais da era que se encerra. As substâncias introduzidas até o presente säo reunidas nos grupos químicos tradicionais - fenotiazinas (alifáticas, piperazínicas, piperidínicas e outros compostos näo-tioxantênicos com estrutura aparentada às fenotiazinas), tioxantenos, butirofenonas, difenilbutilpiperidinas, benzamidas, indóis, dibenzoxazepinas - e em grupos químicos mais recentes - dibenzodiazepinas, benzisoxazólicos, tienobenzodiazepinas, dibenzotiazepinas, benzisotiazólicos, didroindolonas, imidazolidinonas -, além de compostos ainda em desenvolvimento. Neste primeiro artigo de uma série com esta finalidade, säo examinados os derivados fenotiazínicos com cadeia lateral alifática, com utilidade na prática clínica ou de importância histórica: acepromazina, alimemazina, ciamemazina, clorpromazina, levomepromazina, metopromazina, promazina, prometazina e triflupromazina. Com base em bibliografia específica, säo discutidos aspectos técnicos e é revisado o conhecimento obtido através da experimentaçäo e da utilizaçäo clínica destes derivados, desde seu lançamento até a presente data, com informaçöes sistemáticas sobre sua fórmula estrutural, fórmula molecular, nomes químicos, nomes fantasia e códigos para cada composto, além de dados sobre eventual comercializaçäo no país


Subject(s)
Acepromazine , Antipsychotic Agents , Chlorpromazine , Phenothiazines , Promethazine , Trifluoperazine , Trimeprazine
20.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 71-74, 2001.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-72515

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to verify whether small intestinal peristalsis could be observed and quantitatively assessed using pulsed-Doppler ultrasound. Pulsed-Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate small intestinal peristalsis after a meal in ten normal dogs and ten sedated dogs. The small intestinal peristalses were measured 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after a 24-hour fast and after feeding. The number of small intestinal peristalsis were 0.133/min, 0.100/min, 0.033/min, 0.167/min, 0.070/min, 0.067/min, and 0.100/min in the fasted dogs, and 1.667/ min, 0.933/min, 1.133/min, 1.234/min, 1.933/min, 1.533/ min, and 0.533/min in fed dogs, respectively. In the dogs sedated with xylazine HCl, the number of small intestinal peristalsis was significantly reduced (p<0.01). However, in the dogs treated with ketamine HCl and acepromazine, the number of small intestinal peristalsis remained unchanged. Therefore, it can be concluded that pulsed-Doppler ultrasound allows graphic visualization of the intestinal movements, which can be subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis, and may be suitable for a non-invasive study of small intestinal motility.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Acepromazine/pharmacology , Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Ketamine/pharmacology , Peristalsis/drug effects , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed/methods
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